The Turramurra Passion By David Cornford Summary The Turramurra Passion is an interactive and slightly modern interpretation of the Passion Play tradition. Based…
The Turramurra Passion
By David Cornford
Summary
The Turramurra Passion is an interactive and slightly modern interpretation of the Passion Play tradition.
Based on The Message translation of Luke’s Gospel, the play has a traditional theological persepective. However, artistically, it is a contemporary and challenging work, that suits a younger audience, not one who wants to see a re-run of Stations of the Cross. It is a character based telling of the Easter story, rather than a historical one, and uses minimalistic sets and costumes, along with multi-media elements, to convey the story in a timeless way. There are 6 settings, inside and out, and the audience and the cast mingle in most scenes, so the audience participate in, rather than observe, the action.
The play lasts for 85 minutes, with no interval.
Background
The play was written and first performed in 1999, and has been produced annually since in the weeks before Easter. For 2000 and 2001, there were 4 performances, then for 2002-2005 there were 7 performances, then 8 in 2006 and 2007. The cast and crew largely attend Turramurra Uniting Church, while there are others who have joined in over the years from other churches.
More information, synopsis, Director’s notes, and photographs are available at:
www.turramurrapassion.org.au.
An edited video of the 2006 performance is being published on YouTube, scene by scene as it is completed - the two scenes in the script sample are now available. These can be accessed through the website.
Vision
The Turramurra Passion team are keen to encourage others to embark on the journey of proclaiming the Easter story. We would love to share our journey and our vision. We would also be willing to share the full script with a church or drama group who wanted to produce the play. A small fee would be negotiated.
We would suggest, mainly for practical reasons, that if you want to adopt a more traditional artistic approach, you seek another script for source material.
The script for two of the seven scenes is attached.
Dave Cornford
Writer/Director
November 2006
The Turramurra Passion
Characters
Main Characters
Jesus the Nazarene
The Disciples: Peter, Andrew, James, John, Judas
Caiaphas
Nicodemus
Mary of Bethany
The Guide/Storyteller
Pilate
(Male 9, Female 2)
Supporting Cast
Male 1: Bartemeus, Angel
Male 2: Owner, Gamaliel
Male 3: Priest 2, Thug 1, water man
Male 4: Zaccheus, Jack, Joseph of Arimethea
Male 5: Son. Mike, Thomas
Male 6: Thug 2
Female 1:. Widow, Farmer, Mary Magdelene, Kate
Female 2: Silome, ex- Leper, Farmer #1, Accuser Girl, Toni, Cleopas, Newsreader
Setting:
The play has been written to be performed in a large church building complex, with a mix of modern and 100 year old architecture. The fact that the audience moves from place to place, including outside, is more important that the actual nature of the places used. The practical maximum audience for our setting is 150.
There is no formal “stage”, and little or no separation between the cast and audience.
The only costumes which would identify time and place are in Scene 6, and they are modern office attire.
Short Notes are included with script attached
SCRIPT SAMPLE
(Note: This is the not the full script. To obtain a full copy, contact the author at the address at the foot.)
Scene 1 - Introduction (John 3, various)
[Audience assembles in the Lounge. Limited seating. Lights are dim. Audience handed out programs. Muzak before hand. There are two bar stools together, and lit lamp on pedestal. There are two lounges with a coffee table in the middle].[Lights on centre area]
[Narrator in prominent position. Disciples are sitting or standing around in the crowd]
[Lights Down]
Voice Over: Welcome to tonight’s performance of The Turramurra Passion. We’ll be moving around to several locations inside and outside the building. If you are young and quick, please sit on the steps or on the ground close to the action, and leave the seats for other members of the audience who might need them. And a gentle reminder to turn your mobile phones off before we begin. After the performance, refreshments will be on sale here in the lounge. We hope you will enjoy the Turramurra Passion Experience.
[CUE MUSIC - OVERTURE]
[Lights on stool/lamp area as overture ends]
[Jesus enters.][Nicodemus stands to grab Jesus’ attention]
Nicodemus: [warily]Jesus, Rabbi. Everyone can see that you’re a teacher who’s come straight from God. No-one could do what you do without God – what you teach, the miracles. But I still can’t believe it’s possible!
Jesus: [tenderly] Nicodemus, take it from me, no-one can see the Kingdom of God unless they are born again.
Nicodemus: But how can anyone who has already grown up be born again? You can’t go back into your mother’s womb and be born again. Can you?
Jesus: You’re a great teacher of Israel and don't understand? Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives birth to Spirit. You must be born again of the Spirit to see the Kingdom. I have come from heaven with this heavenly message - the Son of Man must be lifted up, so everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.
This is how much God loves the world. He gave up his one and only son. And this is why: so that no-one has to be condemned - anyone can believe and have life for Eternity.
This is how things are: [Jesus picks up lamp] Light has come into the world, but people prefer darkness, because they prefer evil over good – and hate the light. But anyone working and living with the truth, welcomes the light - because the light will show that God is at work.
[Jesus hands Nicodemus the lamp, who takes it in left hand and shakes with right]
Nicodemus: Thank you, Jesus – but this can’t be an easy thing for either of us to carry.
Jesus: Yes, but remember the Light. Peace be with you, Nicodemus.
[Nicodemus leaves with lantern. Jesus moves to the lounges][Main lighting on]
Guide: Tonight we will witness part of the life of Jesus the Nazarene. Since going public about three years ago, Jesus has been travelling and preaching and healing around Jerusalem and Galilee - along with a group of followers.
Peter: [stands, approaches lounges. Stands on coffee table?] My name is Simon. But now, Jesus has got everyone calling me Peter – which means “The Rock”.
Jesus: That’s right - this is Simon Peter, son of John, and on this rock that I will build by church.
Peter: Anyway, I’m a fisherman - well, I used to be. We just dropped everything a bit over 2 years ago, and it’s been all go ever since.
You would not believe some of the things that have happened. Once, we were crossing the Sea of Galilee - well, it’s a big lake really - and this huge storm came up. Jesus was asleep, but the rest of us were panicking - the waves were breaking over the boat and we thought we were going to go down. Anyway, we woke him up, and he just spoke to the storm, spoke to it: QUIET! BE STILL. The wind dropped out of the air and the waves just dissolved. We were just standing there like stunned mullets - and then he had a go at us for not having enough faith. I don’t think we really understood who he was at that stage - even when I did tell him I thought he was the Messiah, he told me to keep it quiet [Peter sits in lounge]
Andrew: [Stands, approaches lounge] I’m Andrew, Peter’s brother,[puts hand on Peter’s shoulder from behind] we used to run a fishing business together in Capernaum – it was me who introduced Peter to Jesus. We’ve been on the road together all this time, and where Jesus is, something special is happening. Like winter last year. Jesus had crossed the lake to have some quiet time alone, but the crowds kept following him, waiting to see a miracle or be healed. We ended up in the middle of nowhere late in the afternoon, and there were 5,000 people, and no food - all I could find was a kid with 5 bread rolls and a couple of fish. But Jesus prayed, and told us to go ahead anyway, and somehow there was enough – more than enough, there were over 12 baskets of leftovers. When people realised what had happened they got even more excited about Jesus, thought he was going to be the new King. But Jesus had other ideas, and went up into the mountains to be alone, to pray like he often does. [Sits with them, with Salome]
John. [Stands with James.] My name is John, and this is my brother James - we’re fishermen from Bethsaida.
James: Jesus calls us “The Sons of Thunder” – partly because of our dad Zebedee, but mostly because we’re a bit over the top sometimes.
Peter [interjects, good humouredly] Sometimes? Sons of Blunder more like.
James: [to Peter] Look who’s talking. [to the audience] I remember the day we decided to follow Jesus like it was yesterday. We’d been fishing all night, and hadn’t caught a thing – we’d practically dredged the whole lake - we were exhausted. Jesus came along followed by a crowd. I thought, “Here we go again”. He asked Peter to put his boat out a bit so he had room to sit and speak to the crowd. After a while, he got Peter to head out into deep water, and throw the nets out again. I mean, you should have heard Peter going on…
Peter: Yeah, righto. I just pointed out that we’d been fishing all night without catching anything.
John: I think you said “Everyone knows you don’t catch fish in the day time”.
Peter: But I did say that because he said so, we’d do it.
James: [sarcastically] You were pretty enthusiastic. [on the move] Anyway, by the time we got out there in our boat, Peter’s was about to sink under the weight of the fish they’d caught – the water was at the gunnels of our boat as well by the time we had the nets in. Peter was freaking out and told Jesus to leave us alone . . [James sits]
John: But Jesus told us that from then on we’d fish for people [uncertain shrug] – he’s always saying these strange things. [on the move] Anyway, we left the boats, and the nets, and joined him on the road. He’s a bit out there - he’s mentioned something about being betrayed and killed – and then raise from the dead. I don’t know what to make of it - it freaks me out sometimes . . .
Anyway, we’re on our way down to Jerusalem [Speaks as an aside] I have no idea why, Jesus just has this idea in his head – I thought he’d listen to me if no-one else - it could be SO dangerous for him down there. [They sit, chum up with Jesus][Mary M joins the group, exchanges holy kiss with Jesus, but doesn’t speak]
Judas: [Stands, followed by Mary B] My name is Judas, and I’m from a town down south, where I was involved in a group of freedom fighters. But I’ve left them, and now I’m following Jesus. It’s my job to carry the money around for us - we seem to always get by, but there’s never very much. We’ve spent most of our time moving around the country side, going from village to village. [Livens up a bit, sits with the rest] But this next week, we’re going to Jerusalem, with Passover and the place full of pilgrims - lots of people to hear Jesus and get involved with the cause. The Kingdom of God is getting closer – and so is our freedom from the Romans. [Remembers that he might have gone too far]
Mary B: My name is Mary. My sister Martha and brother Lazarus and I are from Bethany, and we’re part of the group that’s closest to Jesus.
Martha and I sent word to Jesus once to ask him to heal our brother, who seemed so sick he was near death. But Jesus didn’t come straight away, and we were panic stricken. When Jesus finally arrived, Lazarus had been dead for four days. Martha met him and called me out to see him. I said “Lord if you had been here, my brother wouldn’t have died.” We took him to the tomb, and when he told someone to take the stone away, good ol’ Martha was worried about the smell. But Jesus prayed, and then he shouted “Lazarus, come out!” – and we stood and watched as Lazarus walked out, still in the grave clothes we’d wrapped him in. Some of the crowd went and told the religious leaders, who as usual were hard to impress. But many who witnessed it believed in Jesus, and have joined us – the crowds just keep growing. And now as we are about to enter Jerusalem, we’ve heard there are even more people who want to hear Him. They’re ready to wave palm branches – they’re a national symbol of Jewish freedom from the time of the Macabean revolt. It is going to be a big day.
Caiaphas: [Stands, apart] My name is Caiaphas, and I’m the High Priest in Jerusalem this year. It’s my job to make the important sacrifices in the Temple on behalf of the people. Tradition states that you only hold this position for one year, but the Roman occupation has changed everything. I’ve made a few friends among our beloved Roman overlords, and I think we’ll be able to cut a deal so I can stay High Priest for a few years more.
Now, I get reports from my contacts all over Judea and Galillee. So I’ve heard a lot about this rabble - this filthy bunch of Galileans - and their so-called leader, Jesus. And this ranting he calls teaching. He’d better not be trying to undermine my position with the people for his own ends - what ever they are. [More genuine concern, keeping his voice down as if it’s a secret] I’ve also heard that he’s coming to Jerusalem for Passover, along with that bunch of those red necks from up north. I’m just worried there’ll be a commotion among the peasants that will upset the Romans. And that wouldn’t be good for any of us. [Sits][The main group socialises]
Guide: Jesus is returning to Jerusalem at a time when his reputation as a great teacher is growing. Many are hoping he’s the Saviour, the deliverer, who will restore Jewish independence and free them from the Roman rule. Everyone’s shouting Hosanna - save us, deliver us, free us - there’s religion, nationalism and politics all brewed together in a volatile mix. Let’s go and join the crowd.
The Entry (Matt 21)
[Disciples and Jesus leave quickly, down hall and double back through church]
[The cast direct the audience down the hall, Led by Mary and Zaccheus. Cast members are sprinkled along the corridor. The crowd forms a narrow crowd for the entry. Rich man and Ex-leper bring up the rear][Guide joins procession]
[CUE MUSIC - TRACK 1]: Blessed is He who comes . As first people reach front, no time for audience sitting around)Cast pick it up, clapping, singing]
Cast members: Quick, he's coming! Look it's him! Heal me! Save us! Down with the Romans! Here comes David! It's the Saviour!
[Jesus and Peter, Andrew, John and Judas enter from deck/lounge and push through the crowd. Not too quickly Zacc sneaks up ladder]
[Cast get the streamers flying, make noise. JESUS moves through crowd , some disciples in front, some behind Disciples are getting a bit full of themselves with the attention. Jesus is friendly, engaging, but is not playing the movie star]
Cast members: [Clapping, cheering. High energy] Heal me! Save us! Down with the Romans! It's the Son of David! It's the Saviour!
Gamaliel: [Shouts, once Jesus has passed through crowd.] Shh Quiet. What do you think you’re doing! If the Romans get wind of this, there’ll be trouble.
[Singing stops but cast keep up a hubbub while audience find their seat right up until Guides start.
[CUE MUSIC - TRACK 2]
[Cast members lead audience to follow Jesus down hall into Foyer., where they stand and sit. Rich man and ex-leper bring up the rear. Guide takes up position]
Scene 2. Teachings
[Setting: In the foyer, in the round. Audience seated ion steps on chaors. Actin takes place in the centre]
Scene 3. The Last Supper (Luke 22)
[Setting: Colonnade side room. 100 tea-lights on stain glass window ledges. Jesus and 5 disciples seated in classic last supper scene, 8 large candles on table providing only light]
Scene 4. In the garden (Luke 22:39)
[Setting: Outside in garden. Fire lit in old rubbish bin. Blue lighting.]
Scene 5. At the house of High Priest (Luke 22:54, Mark 14)
[Setting: Outside in garden, focus on covered walkway. Cast amongst audience for “shouting” accusations at Jesus]
Scene 6. Before Pilate (Luke 22-23)
[Setting: In front of Chapel. Office/War room feel. Breakfast meeting. Those present are advisors. Lots of action, lap tops etc. Jack is nearest the door][Stage right]
[Pilate enters, and they all come to attention – he is the centre of the activity. ]
[The thugs and Jesus enter at right. Jesus is roughly handled.]
[Knock at door. Thug1 enters, brushes aside Jack who wants to intercept him. Goes straight to Pilate, and whispers in his ear.]
Pilate: [everyone out of the pool tone] OK, the religious delegation is here with their latest whipping boy. Fairly typical for Festival time, I think. Now, they like to think they’re important, so best behaviour please.
[There is a general groaning and reluctance. Lots of tidying and shuffling paper, doing up ties]
[The delegation enters: ST#1, ST#2, CAIAPHAS, JESUS. JESUS is handled roughly by ST#1 and ST#2 – he is thrown to the floor]
Pilate: [Shakes hands warmly with Caiaphas] Caiaphas, friends, Welcome. What have you got for me today?
CAIAPHAS: (calmly) Look, it’s a straightforward crucifixion really, but we’d better deal with it quickly - like the last few. This person is involved in planning a rebellion. He preaches against paying taxes to Caesar.
Pilate: A view you share, I think?
Caiaphas: I think I’ll refer that comment to my lawyer, if you don’t mind. Now, look. He's stirring up trouble against Rome, AND he claims he's the Messiah – the King of the Jews.
Pilate: [to his team, but audible] Look, we need a moment - you'd better all go and get some coffee. [They file out, stage left, unhappily]
Pilate: [checks they’re out of ear shot - a little irritated] Isn’t this Jesus? [He snatches the papers and reads them] You're laying it on a bit thick, aren't you? This is a petty religious matter, not something political. And as for these court documents - they’re a mess. Blasphemy. [paging through documents] Blah, Blah. Sedition. Sedition?? Didn’t waste any time, did we? [slams the papers back on Caiaphas’ chest] I know a fix when I see one.
HP#2: [earnestly, steps forward] You don't understand. This is bigger than that - it's about civil unrest in YOUR patch. He's got to be silenced, and you’ve got to do something about it.
Pilate [to Jesus]: Are you King of the Jews?
JESUS: It is as you say.
Pilate: What about the rest of it?
CAIAPHAS, ST#1, ST#2 starts shouting the accusations against him.
Pilate: [with venom] ENOUGH! You’re in MY office, and I don’t happen to see a crowd around here for you to impress with your ceremonial bleating. [(To Jesus]) Well?
[Jesus shrugs his shoulders. Pilate looks at the CPs disdainfully.]
Pilate: [to HPs, dismissive] Get lost. This is a set up. We both know he’s harmless.
CAIAPHAS: [getting nasty] Harmless? If that’s what you think, you’d better think again. I thought you were smarter than that. He's causing trouble all over town. He's dangerous all right - dangerous to law and order. [Pauses to think] Come to think of it, it could look as if you are not in control - not a good report for a governor of your age if - somehow – word got back to Rome. [Strikes a chord with Pilate]
Pilate: OK, OK. {Pauses to think] Leave it to me - I’ll just make a quick call - it’ sure they’ll see it my way. [Pilate moves to be alone. Rest of stage in darkness. Rings mobile]
Caiaphas: [to his thugs] He’s phoning a friend.
Pilate: PM, please. [pause] Pilate. [pause] Yes, its early, and yes its VERY urgent. [pause] What? How long does this walk take? [pause] Longer than it used to?? [pause] Well, thanks for nothing!! [hangs up] Cheeky head office apparatchiks. They have no idea what it’s like in these remote zones.
[Caiaphas has edged forward eaves dropping. Pilate waves him away]
[to himself] Great! Now I’m stuck with dealing with this mess on my own. What else can go wrong?!
[Pilate grabs Jesus out of the shadows.]
Pilate: I can sort this out if you play you cards right – Maybe you don’t realise, I have the power to crucify you, or to release you – but you’ve got to start denying a few things.
Jesus: You have no power that has not been given to you from above.
Pilate: [Pilate is getting agitated] What’s this Ffrom above? From above? Who are you? I can do without this mess right now. [Pause] Have it your way.
Pilate: [Returns to Caiaphas. Thoughtfully at first] Actually, Caiaphas, I’ve got an idea. It's time for our annual special pardon - when we release a prisoner to keep you locals happy. OK then, I choose to pardon Jesus. Problem solved!
[HPs protest together. ]
Caiaphas: Don’t be a fool, that won’t solve your problem. He has to go down. Law and order.
HP#2: The people won't wear it.
Pilate: [aggressively] The people won’t what?!
HP#2: [tentatively] They . . . . won’ t . . . wear . . .it
Pilate: We’ll see about that!
[Yells] Tony, in here! [Tony arrives quickly, ready for action]
[Slowly, deliberately] Check the on-line opinion survey. Who gets the vote for the special pardon?
Tony: [at the laptop] Ummm [confident, but reluctant] Look at this. It’s some guy called Barabas. Hardly any votes for Jesus or anyone else.
Pilate [to HPs] You've rigged this. [Caiaphas and HP2 exchange “innocent” looks]
HP#2: Let us have him!! Sign the papers!!
Tony: Trending further away from Jesus. It's nasty.
Pilate: Don’t you want me to release your King?
Caiaphas: We have no King but Caesar. [Tony coughs in disbelief. They throw her a quick glance. She cowers] And if YOU don’t do something about this man, YOU are no friend of Caesar.
[Pilate knows it is lost. He slumps.]
Pilate: [to Jesus] This is your last chance.
[Jesus is silent]
CAIAPHAS: Just sign the death warrant and your problem will be solved.
Pilate [To HP#2]: Give it to me. [HP#2 hands over 2 documents. Pilate signs them both, and hands them back]
Caiaphas: Thank you - at last!
[Caiaphas and Pilate exchange disdainful looks]
[Jesus is dragged off stage left. Towards outside front]
Pilate: Don’t you EVER try to pin the blame for this on ME! [They exchange looks. Caiaphas taps the signed paper with his pen ]
[Pilate’s mood continues to darken. He has lost height and bravado. He is talking to himself]
Pilate: I’ve met some ruthless operators in my time, but he takes the cake. [wipes face with hands firmly] What a mess – We’ve got rid of Jesus, but that might create more problems than it solves. [Fear in his voice]
Well, I've survived so far [mood lightens], so let's get organised.
[Paces, thinking]
Pilate: OK, this might just work. Let’s see what they make of it. [To Tony - all bravado and warrior from now on] Get them in here!
[They burst in.]
All: What happened?
Where's Jesus?
You haven't?
Pilate: Shhh. OK, this is how it is. The festival pardon vote has gone to Barabas, and Jesus is going to be crucified later today. [Shaking of heads, but thoughts starting]. [Jack moves to his laptop and taps away, but it still listening] . This is not ideal, but it’s the best I could do in the circumstances. [Tony is at tapping away at laptop alreadyObviously, we need to turn this around, so a little spin-doctoring is required. So here's the plan. [takes off his tie, disgards it] Tony, opinion polls?
Tony: [looking at laptop] You're approval rating’s up three points, steady for last three hours.
Kate: Do you want some noise in the media to push this off the front page?
Pilate: Yes, let’s bring the announcement of the 100 extra train drivers forward - can we do that today?
[Kate nods][They are getting ready for life in the fast lane.]
Jack: Now, I’ve checked out this clown Barabas. Nasty piece of work. Robbery, kidnap, GBH. Current charges relate to a death at an anti-Roman riot he started. Allegedly. The committal hearing was going to be is next week - before we let him off.
Pilate: OK, umm . . .
Jack. I mean, it would probably be easier if someone . . . . . at the attorney general’s office . . . . kinda . . . lost . . . . those files, know what I’m saying?
Pilate: No, I have no idea what you’re saying, and there is no way I would ever be able to have any recollection of that, because I never heard about it.
[A “pin-drop” moment - Kate and Tony are staring. Jack is on his mobile]ed
Pilate: [feining innocence] What? [Pause] Common’, get with the program, you two! What else?
Kate: I’m assuming you’ll want to make an appearance on the box?
Pilate: Of course.
Kate: OK, we’ll get you on with the train driverPolice thing. Then, what about this Barabas - maybe something to make him look like a good citizen, a good choice for the pardon? Shouldn’t be a problem - they do owe us one.
Pilate: Only one? Yea, good idea. He’s probably an ugly bastard - can we get him a makeover or something - know what I’m saying? [Kate nods, writes] He’ll be a popular choice. [thinks] Can he dance?
Jack: [rifling through file] Ummm
Pilate: Never mind.
Kate: [earnestly] Do you want to do the rounds on talk back radio?
Pilate: [thinks] No. Not that desperate, not that much money to throw around.
Jack: Do you want me to dig up some dirt on Jesus? Spread it around a bit? It can be arranged....
Pilate: No - no need. Those slimy religious leaders don’t need any help in that department. They’ll will have a travel warning out for his home town out by Monday morning. Nazareth, was it?
Tony [interrupts] Word’s out about Jesus. So far, your approval rating's up one and a half points.
Pilate: AND?
Tony: Hard to tell - figures are Lunstable.
Pilate: OK. Now look, this is the only thing I want you working on today- it’s got to be fixed. Yeh? LLeave me voice mails on the hour for the next 24.
(To all). That it? [They nod] GET ON WITH IT!
[All leave, walking purposefully in different directions, carrying laptops, dialling mobiles. Pilate is alone, and the bravado leaves him again.]
Pilate: [to self - looking upwards, imagining] If this doesn’t work we could have a religious riot on our hands within hours. Any trouble and I’ll be in the firing line. Again. If I get the blame . . . . I just don’t need this . .
[Pilate wonders off stage]
[The Thugs re-emerge from street side and drag and bash Jesus through the crowd, down hall to Lounge]
Guide: [Pause in silence] Jesus is taken away and beaten. They make plans for the crucifixion. They never do this in the town, but out by a road - so everyone passing can see the spectacle. The death posts are a permanent fixture in public places, as an incentive to public morality.
Nicodemus: They’ve taken him! They’re killing him!!
Mary B: [stands, breathless, excited] It’s Golgotha - They’ve taken him to Golgotha. Quickly, this way!
[Transition: Cast members lead through to the church, via hall and through Skylight room]
[Skylight room is set up in darkness with “nailing to the cross” sound effects]
CUE MUSIC - TRACK 7
[others mumble agreement]
Scene 7. Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascension
[Setting: Large auditorium. Seats arranged with a group of centre seats, a round aisle, and two rows of seats. 35mm slide image of Jesus projected larger than life-size on cross is only lighting]
Dave Cornford 1999-2006. This script cannot be reproduced or performed without the copyright holder’s permission. He may be contacted at:
Scripture quotations: Scripture taken from The Message. Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002. Used by permission of NavPress Publishing Group.
Revised script: 10/11/06